List of monarchs of Sicily

Contents

Counts of Sicily

Sicily was granted, pending its Christian reconquest, to Robert Guiscard as "duke" in 1059 by Pope Nicholas II. The Guiscard granted it as a county to his brother Roger.

Hauteville Dynasty, 1071–1130

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Roger I
1071–1101
1031
son of Tancred of Hauteville and Fredisenda
Judith of Évreux
1061
4 children

Eremburga of Mortain
1077
8 children

Adelaide del Vasto
1087
4 children
1101
Mileto
aged 70
Simon
1101–1105
1093
son of Roger I of Sicily and Adelaide del Vasto
never married 1105
Mileto
aged 12
Roger II
1105–1130
22 December 1095
Mileto
son of Roger I of Sicily and Adelaide del Vasto
Elvira of Castile
1117
6 children

Sibyl of Burgundy
1149
2 children

Beatrix of Rethel
1151
1 child
26 February 1154
Palermo
aged 58

Kings of Sicily

Roger II received royal investiture from Antipope Anacletus II in 1130 and recognition from Pope Innocent II in 1139. Sicily, which by then comprised not only the island, but also the southern third of the Italian peninsula, rapidly expanded itself to include Malta and the Mahdia, the latter if only briefly.

House of Hauteville, 1130–1198

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Roger II
1130–1154
22 December 1095
Mileto
son of Roger I of Sicily and Adelaide del Vasto
Elvira of Castile
1117
6 children

Sibyl of Burgundy
1149
2 children

Beatrix of Rethel
1151
1 child
26 February 1154
Palermo
aged 58
William I the Bad
1154–1166
1131
son of Roger II and Elvira of Castile
Margaret of Navarre
4 children
7 May 1166
Palermo
aged 35
William II the Good
1166–1189
1155
son of William I and Margaret of Navarre
Joan of England
February 1177
1 child
11 November 1189
Palermo
aged 34
Tancred I
1189–1194
(joint rule)
1138
illegitimate son of Roger III, Duke of Apulia
Sibylla of Acerra
6 children
20 February 1194
Palermo
aged 56
Roger III
1193
(joint rule)
1175
son of Tancred of Sicily and Sibylla of Acerra
Irene Angelina
no children
24 December 1193
aged 18
William III
1194
1190
son of Tancred and Sibylla of Acerra
never married 1198
aged 8
Constance
1194–1198
2 November 1154
daughter of Roger II and Beatrix of Rethel
Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
1184
1 child
27 November 1198
Palermo
aged 44

Constance was married to the Emperor Henry VI and he pressed his claim to the kingdom from William II's death, but only succeeded in displacing his wife's family in 1194.

House of Hohenstaufen, 1194–1266

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Henry I
1194–1197
November 1165
Nijmegen
son of Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor and Beatrix of Burgundy
Constance
1184
1 child
28 September 1197
Messina
aged 32
Frederick I
1198–1250
(joint rule)
26 December 1194
Jesi
son of Henry I and Constance I
Constance of Aragon
15 August 1209
1 child

Yolande of Jerusalem
9 November 1225
2 children

Isabella of England
15 July 1235
4 children
13 December 1250
Torremaggiore
aged 55
Henry II
1212–1217
(joint rule)
1211
Sicily
son of Frederick I and Constance of Aragon
Margaret
29 November 1225
2 children
12 February 1242
Martirano
aged 30
Conrad I
1250–1254
25 April 1228
Andria
son of Frederick I and Yolande of Jerusalem
Elisabeth of Bavaria
1 September 1246
1 child
21 May 1254
Lavello
aged 26
Conrad II the Younger
1254–1268
25 March 1252
Wolfstein
son of Conrad I and Elisabeth of Bavaria
never married 29 October 1268
Naples
aged 16
(executed)
Manfred
1258–1266
1232
Illegitimate son of Frederick I
Beatrice of Savoy
21 April 1247
1 child

Helena Angelina Doukaina
9 November 1255
5 children
26 February 1266
Battle of Benevento
aged 34
(killed in action)

Manfred was regent of Sicily for his nephew, the child Conrad II ("Conradin"), but took the crown in 1258, and continued to fight to keep the kingdom under the Hohenstaufen. In 1254 the pope, having declared the kingdom a papal possession, offered the crown to the King of England's son, Edmund Crouchback, but the English never succeeded in taking the kingdom. In 1262 the pope reversed his previous decision and granted the kingdom to the King of France's brother, Charles of Anjou, who succeeded in dispossessing Manfred in 1266. Conradin continued his claim to the throne until his death by decapitation perpetrated by Charles of Anjou in 1268.

Plantagenet Dynasty, 1254–1263

Edmund Crouchback, son of King Henry III of England, claimed the Crown of Sicily between 1254 and 1263; the claim was taken very seriously by both him and his father, but was completely ineffectual.

Capetian House of Anjou, 1266–1282

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Charles I
1266–1282
21 March 1226
son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile
Beatrice of Provence
31 January 1246
7 children

Margaret of Burgundy
18 November 1268
1 child
7 January 1285
Foggia
aged 58

Peter III of Aragon, Manfred's son in law, of the House of Barcelona, conquered the island of Sicily from Charles I in 1282 and had himself crowned King of Sicily. Thereafter the old Kingdom of Sicily was centred on the mainland, with capital at Naples, and although informally called Kingdom of Naples it was still known formally as "Kingdom of Sicily". Thus, there were two "Sicilies" — the island kingdom, however, was often called "Sicily beyond the Lighthouse" or "Trinacria", by terms of a treaty between the two states.

House of Barcelona, 1282–1409

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Peter I the Great
1282–1285
1240
Valencia
son of James I of Aragon and Yolanda of Hungary
Constance of Sicily
13 June 1262
6 child
2 November 1285
Vilafranca del Penedès
aged 45
James the Just
1285–1296
10 August 1267
Valencia
son of Peter I and Constance of Sicily
Isabella of Castile
1 December 1291
No children

Blanche of Anjou
29 October 1295
10 children

Marie de Lusignan
15 June 1315
No children

Elisenda de Montcada
25 December 1322
No children
5 November 1327
Barcelona
aged 60
Frederick II
1296–1336
13 December 1272
Barcelona
son of Peter I and Constance of Sicily
Eleanor of Anjou
17 May 1302
9 child
25 June 1337
Palermo
aged 65
Peter II
1337–1342
July 1305
son of Frederick II and Eleanor of Anjou
Elisabeth of Carinthia
23 April 1322
9 child
15 August 1342
Calascibetta
aged 37
Louis
1342–1355
1337
Catania
son of Peter II and Elisabeth of Carinthia
Never married 16 October 1355
Aci Castello
aged 18
Frederick III the Simple
1355–1377
1 September 1341
Catania
son of Peter II and Elisabeth of Carinthia
Constance of Aragon
11 April 1361
1 child

Antonia of Balzo
17 January 1372
No children
27 January 1377
Messina
aged 36
Maria
1377–1401
(joint rule)
1367
Catania
daughter of Frederick III and Constance of Aragon
Martin I of Sicily
1390
1 child
25 May 1402
Lentini
aged 35
Martin I the Younger
1395–1409
(joint rule)
1374
son of Martin I of Aragon and Maria of Luna
Maria of Sicily
1390
1 child
25 July 1409
Cagliari
aged 35

Martin I died heirless and the kingdom was inherited by his father who united it to the Crown of Aragon

House of Trastámara, 1409–1516

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Martin II the Elder
1409–1410
1356
Girona
son of Peter IV of Aragon and Eleanor of Sicily
Maria de Luna
13 June 1372
4 children

Margarita of Aragon-Prades
1409
No children
31 May 1410
Barcelona
aged 54
Ferdinand I the Honest
1412–1416
27 November 1380
Medina del Campo
son of John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon
Eleanor of Alburquerque
1394
8 children
2 April 1416
Igualada
aged 36
Alfonso the Magnanimous
1416–1458
1396
Medina del Campo
son of Ferdinand I and Eleanor of Alburquerque
Maria of Castile
1415
No children
27 June 1458
Naples
aged 52
John the Great
1458–1468
29 June 1397
Medina del Campo
son of Ferdinand I and Eleanor of Alburquerque
Blanche I of Navarre
6 November 1419
4 children

Juana Enríquez
2 children
20 January 1479
Barcelona
aged 81
Ferdinand II the Catholic
1468–1516
10 March 1452
son of John II of Aragon and Juana Enriquez
Isabella I of Castile
19 October 1469
5 children

Germaine of Foix
1505
No children
23 January 1516
Madrigalejo
aged 54
Joanna the Mad
1516–1555
6 November 1479
daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile
Philip IV of Burgundy
1496
6 children
12 April 1555
Madrigalejo
aged 75

House of Habsburg, 1516–1713

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Charles II
1516–1554
24 February 1500
Ghent
son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile
Isabella of Portugal
10 March 1526
3 children
21 September 1558
Yuste
aged 58
Philip I
1554–1598
21 May 1527
Valladolid
son of Charles II and Isabella of Portugal
Maria of Portugal
1543
1 child

Mary I of England
1554
No children

Elisabeth of Valois
1559
2 children

Anna of Austria
4 May 1570
5 children
13 September 1598
Madrid
aged 71
Philip II
1598–1621
14 April 1578
Madrid
son of Philip I and Anna of Austria
Margaret of Austria
18 April 1599
5 children
31 March 1621
Madrid
aged 42
Philip III
1621–1665
8 April 1605
Valladolid
son of Philip II and Margaret of Austria
Elisabeth of Bourbon
1615
7 children

Mariana of Austria
1649
5 children

17 September 1665
Madrid
aged 60
Charles III
1665–1700
6 November 1661
Madrid
son of Philip III and Mariana of Austria
Maria Luisa of Orléans
19 November 1679
No children

Maria Anna of Neuburg
14 May 1690
No children

1 November 1700
Madrid
aged 38
Philip IV
1700–1713
19 December 1683
Versailles
son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Anna of Bavaria
Maria Luisa of Savoy
2 November 1701
4 children

Elisabeth of Parma
24 December 1714
7 children

9 July 1746
Madrid
aged 62

At the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, by the Treaty of Utrecht, Sicily was ceded to the Duke of Savoy

House of Savoy, 1713–1720

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Victor Amadeus
1713–1720
14 May 1666
Turin
son of Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy and Marie Jeanne Baptiste de Savoie-Nemours
Anne Marie of Orléans
10 April 1684
6 children
31 October 1732
Moncalieri
aged 66

The Spanish invaded the kingdom in 1718 during the War of the Quadruple Alliance. The Duke of Savoy ceded it to Austria in 1720 by the Treaty of The Hague.

House of Habsburg, 1720–1735

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Charles IV
1720–1735
1 October 1685
Vienna
son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg
Elisabeth Christine
1 August 1708
4 children
20 October 1740
Vienna
aged 55

Conquered by the Spanish during the War of the Polish Succession the kingdom was ceded together with Naples to a cadet son of the King of Spain.

House of Bourbon 1735–1816

Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death
Charles V
1735–1759
20 January 1716
Madrid
son of Philip IV and Elizabeth of Parma
Maria Amalia of Saxony
1738
13 children
14 December 1788
Madrid
aged 72
Ferdinand III
1759–1816
12 January 1751
Naples
son of Charles V and Maria Amalia of Saxony
Marie Caroline of Austria
12 May 1768
17 children

Lucia Migliaccio of Floridia
27 November 1814
No children
4 January 1825
Naples
aged 73

In 1816 the Kingdom of Naples and the Kingdom of Sicily were merged as the new Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

Family tree

See also